sunxi-tools/uart0-helloworld-sdboot.c
Icenowy Zheng d0f2fbb8a1 uart0-helloworld-sdboot: add support for H6
Allwinner H6 SoC has a totally different memory map and different clock
control unit with other SoCs.

Add support for it in uart0-helloworld-sdboot.

To avoid writing blindly into the device MMIO area first (for triggering
the SRAM version register), we query the known content of some GIC register
to verify we are looking at an H6 memory map.

Signed-off-by: Icenowy Zheng <icenowy@aosc.io>
Signed-off-by: Andre Przywara <osp@andrep.de>
2018-07-09 09:16:24 +01:00

594 lines
18 KiB
C

/*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Siarhei Siamashka <siarhei.siamashka@gmail.com>
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/*
* Partially based on the uart code from ar100-info
*
* (C) Copyright 2013 Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
* MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
/*
* Partially based on the sunxi gpio code from U-Boot
*
* (C) Copyright 2012 Henrik Nordstrom <henrik@henriknordstrom.net>
*
* Based on earlier arch/arm/cpu/armv7/sunxi/gpio.c:
*
* (C) Copyright 2007-2011
* Allwinner Technology Co., Ltd. <www.allwinnertech.com>
* Tom Cubie <tangliang@allwinnertech.com>
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
*/
typedef unsigned int u32;
#define set_wbit(addr, v) (*((volatile unsigned long *)(addr)) |= (unsigned long)(v))
#define readl(addr) (*((volatile unsigned long *)(addr)))
#define writel(v, addr) (*((volatile unsigned long *)(addr)) = (unsigned long)(v))
#define SUNXI_UART0_BASE 0x01C28000
#define SUNXI_PIO_BASE 0x01C20800
#define AW_CCM_BASE 0x01c20000
#define AW_SRAMCTRL_BASE 0x01c00000
#define H6_UART0_BASE 0x05000000
#define H6_PIO_BASE 0x0300B000
#define H6_CCM_BASE 0x03001000
#define H6_SRAMCTRL_BASE 0x03000000
/*****************************************************************************
* GPIO code, borrowed from U-Boot *
*****************************************************************************/
#define SUNXI_GPIO_A 0
#define SUNXI_GPIO_B 1
#define SUNXI_GPIO_C 2
#define SUNXI_GPIO_D 3
#define SUNXI_GPIO_E 4
#define SUNXI_GPIO_F 5
#define SUNXI_GPIO_G 6
#define SUNXI_GPIO_H 7
#define SUNXI_GPIO_I 8
struct sunxi_gpio {
u32 cfg[4];
u32 dat;
u32 drv[2];
u32 pull[2];
};
struct sunxi_gpio_reg {
struct sunxi_gpio gpio_bank[10];
};
#define GPIO_BANK(pin) ((pin) >> 5)
#define GPIO_NUM(pin) ((pin) & 0x1F)
#define GPIO_CFG_INDEX(pin) (((pin) & 0x1F) >> 3)
#define GPIO_CFG_OFFSET(pin) ((((pin) & 0x1F) & 0x7) << 2)
#define GPIO_PULL_INDEX(pin) (((pin) & 0x1f) >> 4)
#define GPIO_PULL_OFFSET(pin) ((((pin) & 0x1f) & 0xf) << 1)
/* GPIO bank sizes */
#define SUNXI_GPIO_A_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_B_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_C_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_D_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_E_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_F_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_G_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_H_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_I_NR (32)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(__gpio) ((__gpio##_START) + (__gpio##_NR) + 0)
enum sunxi_gpio_number {
SUNXI_GPIO_A_START = 0,
SUNXI_GPIO_B_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_A),
SUNXI_GPIO_C_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_B),
SUNXI_GPIO_D_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_C),
SUNXI_GPIO_E_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_D),
SUNXI_GPIO_F_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_E),
SUNXI_GPIO_G_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_F),
SUNXI_GPIO_H_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_G),
SUNXI_GPIO_I_START = SUNXI_GPIO_NEXT(SUNXI_GPIO_H),
};
/* SUNXI GPIO number definitions */
#define SUNXI_GPA(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_A_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPB(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_B_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPC(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_C_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPD(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_D_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPE(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_E_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPF(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_F_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPG(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_G_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPH(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_H_START + (_nr))
#define SUNXI_GPI(_nr) (SUNXI_GPIO_I_START + (_nr))
/* GPIO pin function config */
#define SUNXI_GPIO_INPUT (0)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_OUTPUT (1)
#define SUN4I_GPB_UART0 (2)
#define SUN5I_GPB_UART0 (2)
#define SUN6I_GPH_UART0 (2)
#define SUN8I_H3_GPA_UART0 (2)
#define SUN8I_V3S_GPB_UART0 (3)
#define SUN50I_H5_GPA_UART0 (2)
#define SUN50I_H6_GPH_UART0 (2)
#define SUN50I_A64_GPB_UART0 (4)
#define SUNXI_GPF_UART0 (4)
/* GPIO pin pull-up/down config */
#define SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_DISABLE (0)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP (1)
#define SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_DOWN (2)
static u32 pio_base;
int sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(u32 pin, u32 val)
{
u32 cfg;
u32 bank = GPIO_BANK(pin);
u32 index = GPIO_CFG_INDEX(pin);
u32 offset = GPIO_CFG_OFFSET(pin);
struct sunxi_gpio *pio =
&((struct sunxi_gpio_reg *)pio_base)->gpio_bank[bank];
cfg = readl(&pio->cfg[0] + index);
cfg &= ~(0xf << offset);
cfg |= val << offset;
writel(cfg, &pio->cfg[0] + index);
return 0;
}
int sunxi_gpio_set_pull(u32 pin, u32 val)
{
u32 cfg;
u32 bank = GPIO_BANK(pin);
u32 index = GPIO_PULL_INDEX(pin);
u32 offset = GPIO_PULL_OFFSET(pin);
struct sunxi_gpio *pio =
&((struct sunxi_gpio_reg *)pio_base)->gpio_bank[bank];
cfg = readl(&pio->pull[0] + index);
cfg &= ~(0x3 << offset);
cfg |= val << offset;
writel(cfg, &pio->pull[0] + index);
return 0;
}
int sunxi_gpio_output(u32 pin, u32 val)
{
u32 dat;
u32 bank = GPIO_BANK(pin);
u32 num = GPIO_NUM(pin);
struct sunxi_gpio *pio =
&((struct sunxi_gpio_reg *)pio_base)->gpio_bank[bank];
dat = readl(&pio->dat);
if(val)
dat |= 1 << num;
else
dat &= ~(1 << num);
writel(dat, &pio->dat);
return 0;
}
int sunxi_gpio_input(u32 pin)
{
u32 dat;
u32 bank = GPIO_BANK(pin);
u32 num = GPIO_NUM(pin);
struct sunxi_gpio *pio =
&((struct sunxi_gpio_reg *)pio_base)->gpio_bank[bank];
dat = readl(&pio->dat);
dat >>= num;
return (dat & 0x1);
}
int gpio_direction_input(unsigned gpio)
{
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(gpio, SUNXI_GPIO_INPUT);
return sunxi_gpio_input(gpio);
}
int gpio_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value)
{
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(gpio, SUNXI_GPIO_OUTPUT);
return sunxi_gpio_output(gpio, value);
}
/*****************************************************************************
* Nearly all the Allwinner SoCs are using the same VER_REG register for *
* runtime SoC type identification. For additional details see: *
* *
* https://linux-sunxi.org/SRAM_Controller_Register_Guide *
* *
* Allwinner A80 is an oddball and has a non-standard address of the VER_REG *
* *
* Allwinner A10s and A13 are using the same SoC type id, but they can be *
* differentiated using a certain part of the SID register. *
* *
* Allwinner H6 has its memory map totally reworked, but the SRAM controller *
* remains similar; the base of it is moved to 0x03000000. *
*****************************************************************************/
#define VER_REG (AW_SRAMCTRL_BASE + 0x24)
#define H6_VER_REG (H6_SRAMCTRL_BASE + 0x24)
#define SUN4I_SID_BASE 0x01C23800
#define SUN8I_SID_BASE 0x01C14000
#define SID_PRCTL 0x40 /* SID program/read control register */
#define SID_RDKEY 0x60 /* SID read key value register */
#define SID_OP_LOCK 0xAC /* Efuse operation lock value */
#define SID_READ_START (1 << 1) /* bit 1 of SID_PRCTL, Software Read Start */
u32 sid_read_key(u32 sid_base, u32 offset)
{
u32 reg_val;
reg_val = (offset & 0x1FF) << 16; /* PG_INDEX value */
reg_val |= (SID_OP_LOCK << 8) | SID_READ_START; /* request read access */
writel(reg_val, sid_base + SID_PRCTL);
while (readl(sid_base + SID_PRCTL) & SID_READ_START) ; /* wait while busy */
reg_val = readl(sid_base + SID_RDKEY); /* read SID key value */
writel(0, sid_base + SID_PRCTL); /* clear SID_PRCTL (removing SID_OP_LOCK) */
return reg_val;
}
static u32 soc_id;
void soc_detection_init(void)
{
u32 midr;
asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c0, c0, 0" : "=r" (midr));
if (((midr >> 4) & 0xFFF) == 0xC0F) {
soc_id = 0x1639; /* ARM Cortex-A15, so likely Allwinner A80 */
} else {
u32 reg;
/*
* This register is GICD_IIDR on H6, but unmapped according to
* other known SoCs' user manuals.
*/
reg = readl(0x03021008);
if ((reg & 0xfff) == 0x43b) /* Found GICv2 here, so it's a H6 */
reg = H6_VER_REG;
else
reg = VER_REG;
set_wbit(reg, 1 << 15);
soc_id = readl(reg) >> 16;
}
}
/* Most SoCs can reliably be distinguished by simply checking their ID value */
#define soc_is_a10() (soc_id == 0x1623)
#define soc_is_a20() (soc_id == 0x1651)
#define soc_is_a31() (soc_id == 0x1633)
#define soc_is_a80() (soc_id == 0x1639)
#define soc_is_a64() (soc_id == 0x1689)
#define soc_is_h5() (soc_id == 0x1718)
#define soc_is_h6() (soc_id == 0x1728)
#define soc_is_r40() (soc_id == 0x1701)
#define soc_is_v3s() (soc_id == 0x1681)
/* A10s and A13 share the same ID, so we need a little more effort on those */
int soc_is_a10s(void)
{
return soc_id == 0x1625 &&
(readl(SUN4I_SID_BASE + 8) & 0xf000) == 0x7000;
}
int soc_is_a13(void)
{
return soc_id == 0x1625 &&
(readl(SUN4I_SID_BASE + 8) & 0xf000) != 0x7000;
}
/* H2+ and H3 share the same ID, we can differentiate them by SID_RKEY0 */
int soc_is_h2_plus(void)
{
if (soc_id != 0x1680) return 0;
u32 sid0 = sid_read_key(SUN8I_SID_BASE, 0);
return (sid0 & 0xff) == 0x42 || (sid0 & 0xff) == 0x83;
}
int soc_is_h3(void)
{
if (soc_id != 0x1680) return 0;
u32 sid0 = sid_read_key(SUN8I_SID_BASE, 0);
/*
* Note: according to Allwinner sources, H3 is expected
* to show up as 0x00, 0x81 or ("H3D") 0x58 here.
*/
return (sid0 & 0xff) != 0x42 && (sid0 & 0xff) != 0x83;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* UART is mostly the same on A10/A13/A20/A31/H3/A64, except that newer SoCs *
* have changed the APB numbering scheme (A10/A13/A20 used to have APB0 and *
* APB1 names, but newer SoCs just have renamed them into APB1 and APB2). *
* The constants below are using the new APB numbering convention. *
* Also the newer SoCs have introduced the APB2_RESET register, but writing *
* to it effectively goes nowhere on older SoCs and is harmless. *
*****************************************************************************/
#define CONFIG_CONS_INDEX 1
#define APB2_CFG (AW_CCM_BASE + 0x058)
#define APB2_GATE (AW_CCM_BASE + 0x06C)
#define APB2_RESET (AW_CCM_BASE + 0x2D8)
#define APB2_GATE_UART_SHIFT (16)
#define APB2_RESET_UART_SHIFT (16)
#define H6_UART_GATE_RESET (H6_CCM_BASE + 0x90C)
#define H6_UART_GATE_SHIFT (0)
#define H6_UART_RESET_SHIFT (16)
void clock_init_uart_legacy(void)
{
/* Open the clock gate for UART0 */
set_wbit(APB2_GATE, 1 << (APB2_GATE_UART_SHIFT + CONFIG_CONS_INDEX - 1));
/* Deassert UART0 reset (only needed on A31/A64/H3) */
set_wbit(APB2_RESET, 1 << (APB2_RESET_UART_SHIFT + CONFIG_CONS_INDEX - 1));
}
void clock_init_uart_h6(void)
{
/* Open the clock gate for UART0 */
set_wbit(H6_UART_GATE_RESET, 1 << (H6_UART_GATE_SHIFT + CONFIG_CONS_INDEX - 1));
/* Deassert UART0 reset */
set_wbit(H6_UART_GATE_RESET, 1 << (H6_UART_RESET_SHIFT + CONFIG_CONS_INDEX - 1));
}
void clock_init_uart(void)
{
if (soc_is_h6())
clock_init_uart_h6();
else
clock_init_uart_legacy();
}
/*****************************************************************************
* UART0 pins muxing is different for different SoC variants. *
* Allwinner A13 is a bit special, because there are no dedicated UART0 pins *
* and they are shared with MMC0. *
*****************************************************************************/
void gpio_init(void)
{
if (soc_is_a10() || soc_is_a20() || soc_is_r40()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(22), SUN4I_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(23), SUN4I_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPB(23), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_a10s()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(19), SUN5I_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(20), SUN5I_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPB(20), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_a13()) {
/* Disable PB19/PB20 as UART0 to avoid conflict */
gpio_direction_input(SUNXI_GPB(19));
gpio_direction_input(SUNXI_GPB(20));
/* Use SD breakout board to access UART0 on MMC0 pins */
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPF(2), SUNXI_GPF_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPF(4), SUNXI_GPF_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPF(4), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_a31()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPH(20), SUN6I_GPH_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPH(21), SUN6I_GPH_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPH(21), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_a64()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(8), SUN50I_A64_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(9), SUN50I_A64_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPB(9), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_h3() || soc_is_h2_plus()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPA(4), SUN8I_H3_GPA_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPA(5), SUN8I_H3_GPA_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPA(5), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_h5()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPA(4), SUN50I_H5_GPA_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPA(5), SUN50I_H5_GPA_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPA(5), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_h6()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPH(0), SUN50I_H6_GPH_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPH(1), SUN50I_H6_GPH_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPH(1), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else if (soc_is_v3s()) {
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(8), SUN8I_V3S_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_cfgpin(SUNXI_GPB(9), SUN8I_V3S_GPB_UART0);
sunxi_gpio_set_pull(SUNXI_GPB(9), SUNXI_GPIO_PULL_UP);
} else {
/* Unknown SoC */
while (1) {}
}
}
/*****************************************************************************/
static u32 uart0_base;
#define UART0_RBR (uart0_base + 0x0) /* receive buffer register */
#define UART0_THR (uart0_base + 0x0) /* transmit holding register */
#define UART0_DLL (uart0_base + 0x0) /* divisor latch low register */
#define UART0_DLH (uart0_base + 0x4) /* divisor latch high register */
#define UART0_IER (uart0_base + 0x4) /* interrupt enable reigster */
#define UART0_IIR (uart0_base + 0x8) /* interrupt identity register */
#define UART0_FCR (uart0_base + 0x8) /* fifo control register */
#define UART0_LCR (uart0_base + 0xc) /* line control register */
#define UART0_LSR (uart0_base + 0x14) /* line status register */
#define BAUD_115200 (0xD) /* 24 * 1000 * 1000 / 16 / 115200 = 13 */
#define NO_PARITY (0)
#define ONE_STOP_BIT (0)
#define DAT_LEN_8_BITS (3)
#define LC_8_N_1 (NO_PARITY << 3 | ONE_STOP_BIT << 2 | DAT_LEN_8_BITS)
void uart0_init(void)
{
clock_init_uart();
/* select dll dlh */
writel(0x80, UART0_LCR);
/* set baudrate */
writel(0, UART0_DLH);
writel(BAUD_115200, UART0_DLL);
/* set line control */
writel(LC_8_N_1, UART0_LCR);
}
void uart0_putc(char c)
{
while (!(readl(UART0_LSR) & (1 << 6))) {}
writel(c, UART0_THR);
}
void uart0_puts(const char *s)
{
while (*s) {
if (*s == '\n')
uart0_putc('\r');
uart0_putc(*s++);
}
}
/*****************************************************************************/
/* A workaround for https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/622173 */
void __attribute__((section(".start"))) __attribute__((naked)) start(void)
{
asm volatile("b main \n"
".long 0xffffffff \n"
".long 0xffffffff \n"
".long 0xffffffff \n");
}
enum { BOOT_DEVICE_UNK, BOOT_DEVICE_FEL, BOOT_DEVICE_MMC0, BOOT_DEVICE_SPI };
int get_boot_device(void)
{
u32 *spl_signature = (void *)0x4;
if (soc_is_a64() || soc_is_a80() || soc_is_h5())
spl_signature = (void *)0x10004;
if (soc_is_h6())
spl_signature = (void *)0x20004;
/* Check the eGON.BT0 magic in the SPL header */
if (spl_signature[0] != 0x4E4F4765 || spl_signature[1] != 0x3054422E)
return BOOT_DEVICE_FEL;
u32 boot_dev = spl_signature[9] & 0xFF; /* offset into SPL = 0x28 */
if (boot_dev == 0)
return BOOT_DEVICE_MMC0;
if (boot_dev == 3)
return BOOT_DEVICE_SPI;
return BOOT_DEVICE_UNK;
}
void bases_init(void)
{
if (soc_is_h6()) {
pio_base = H6_PIO_BASE;
uart0_base = H6_UART0_BASE;
} else {
pio_base = SUNXI_PIO_BASE;
uart0_base = SUNXI_UART0_BASE;
}
}
int main(void)
{
soc_detection_init();
bases_init();
gpio_init();
uart0_init();
uart0_puts("\nHello from ");
if (soc_is_a10())
uart0_puts("Allwinner A10!\n");
else if (soc_is_a10s())
uart0_puts("Allwinner A10s!\n");
else if (soc_is_a13())
uart0_puts("Allwinner A13!\n");
else if (soc_is_a20())
uart0_puts("Allwinner A20!\n");
else if (soc_is_a31())
uart0_puts("Allwinner A31/A31s!\n");
else if (soc_is_a64())
uart0_puts("Allwinner A64!\n");
else if (soc_is_h2_plus())
uart0_puts("Allwinner H2+!\n");
else if (soc_is_h3())
uart0_puts("Allwinner H3!\n");
else if (soc_is_h5())
uart0_puts("Allwinner H5!\n");
else if (soc_is_h6())
uart0_puts("Allwinner H6!\n");
else if (soc_is_r40())
uart0_puts("Allwinner R40!\n");
else if (soc_is_v3s())
uart0_puts("Allwinner V3s!\n");
else
uart0_puts("unknown Allwinner SoC!\n");
switch (get_boot_device()) {
case BOOT_DEVICE_FEL:
uart0_puts("Returning back to FEL.\n");
return 0;
case BOOT_DEVICE_MMC0:
uart0_puts("Booted from MMC0, entering an infinite loop.\n");
while (1) {}
case BOOT_DEVICE_SPI:
uart0_puts("Booted from SPI0, entering an infinite loop.\n");
while (1) {}
default:
uart0_puts("Booted from unknown media, entering an infinite loop.\n");
while (1) {}
};
return 0;
}